Effects Of Racial Bias On Multiracial Individuals

Cognitive Psychology-Essentialism and Racial Bias Jointly Contribute to the Categorization of Multiracial Individuals In the United States, racism and stereotype bias is an important issue that we still struggle with today and it impacts how we understand each other. Throughout U.S history, people that were mixed (part-white and part-black) were typically identified as Black. Arnold Ho, Susan Gelman and Steven Roberts, U-M professors of psychology published a scientific article (Ho et al., 2015) looking into the cognitive backgrounds behind how an individual categorizes other individuals based on race. They performed studies on categorization on how we categorize multiracial individuals. The study combined research on racial existentialism, existentialism meaning ideals and negative bias in order to explain the difference in the way people categorize multiracial individuals as â€Å"black† over â€Å"white†. Their findings suggest that categorization biases, also known as hypodescent, influence how we categorize multiracial individuals. The study asserts that Black-White multiracial in dividuals in the United States are categorized as Black (hypo-descent – categorization). The basis of this categorization is socially motivated. In essence, the interplay between the anti-Black bias and psychological existentialism leads to hypo-descent categorization. According to the authors, psychological essentialism is the belief that particular group members share common distinct characteristicsShow MoreRelatedThe Ho, Roberts And Gelman Article, Essentialism And Racial Bias1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ho, Roberts and Gelman article ‘Essentialism and Racial Bias Jointly Contribute to the Categorizations of Multiracial Individuals’ examined the joint effects of cognitive biases and social biases on hypodescent. Loosely, hypodescent can be defined as individuals’ penchant to categorize mixed race individuals into solely the race of the minority category (Ho et al., 2015). While previous studies have examined the effects of cognitive biases and social motivation on hypodescence respectively, theRead MoreMixed Culture And Mixed Race Identity970 Words   |  4 Pagesmixed race individuals’ social identities are shaped by their multiracial heritage by focusing on the growing body of research on development of mixed race identity in a multicultural society. In contrast to traditional, monoracial models of social identity development, a multiracial approach has been necessitated by the expansion of globalization and interracial relationships (Kellogg Liddell, 2012, p. 525). In Paragg’s (2017) study â€Å"What are you?†: Mixed race responses to the racial gaze on mixedRead MoreThe Difference Between Race And Racism Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pages Understanding the difference between race and racism is a very controversial topic. Even I am trying to understand the difference between the two words. When individuals think about race the first word that comes to mind is racism, I would think its the same, but it’s not. When exploring the web to differentiate the meaning of these two words, one-word that keeps popping up is â€Å"racism†. The words are so similar which makes this topic difficult to write about, but as my English teacher CoarleeRead MoreMultidimensional Framework Proposed By Rockquemore And Colleagues1237 Words   |  5 PagesRockquemore and colleagues (2002, 2009) to analyze multiracial identity among a broader diverse multiracial sample. The problem was that in terms of social construction of race, this par ticular framework acknowledged only two â€Å"traditional† options of being â€Å"Black† or â€Å"biracial†. In the introduction, the social significance for the problem was successfully identified and the intended problem was connected well with the purpose. It was stated that having a multiracial identity that is validated by others wasRead MoreCultural Bias And Health Care Disparity1528 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Bias and Health Care Disparity: Introduction: Cultures, social, ethnicity, English proficiency are factors that my significantly affect the quality of healthcare. Patient’s perspective, values, beliefs and behavior are highly influenced by the sociocultural background pf the patient (1-5). These factors can affect dealing with patient’s symptoms, seeking care, pain toleration, care adherence, preventive measure, and health care expectations. There is a clear evidence that links Clinician-patientRead MorePolice Misconduct And The Crime Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesentirely different views and interpretations of police misconduct. Purpose This review will analyze literature that explains perception on police misconduct and why certain perceptions and police misconduct itself occurs. I will therefore discuss the racial factors on both sides of police encounters: that of the citizen and the officer, as suggested by research. This review will also try to identify the gaps in the field of work and analyze studies’ methods of data collection. It will also explore howRead MoreInterpretivism7441 Words   |  30 Pagesresearch and feminist theory is especially fruitful when an interdisciplinary, multiracial feminist approach is used. Those who are relatively unfamiliar with both feminist theory and quantitative research and those who have already discovered for themselves the usefulness of integrating feminist theory and quantitative methods may see the aforementioned goals as relatively straightforward: I hope to show how a multiracial feminist approach can improve quantitative social science research in a varietyRe ad MoreSocial Stereotypes in America Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfor centuries. Early in American history stereotypes of Negroes and Mexicans predominately associate them with lower-class attributes (Campbell, 1967). Major social events can have an effect on how various groups of people are viewed. For example, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, where several individuals of Arab decent brutally murdered hundreds of unsuspecting American citizens. The terrorist hi-jacked several aircraft carriers and set them on a crash course for various national landmarksRead MoreEssay on Social Connotations of Name and Well Being1548 Words   |  7 PagesStereotypes have existed in American culture for centuries. Early in American history stereotypes of Negroes and Mexicans predominately associate them with lower-class attributes (Campbell, 1967). Major social events can have an effect on how certain groups and assemblies of individuals are perceived. On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with al-Qaeda brutally murdered hundreds of American citizens. The terrorists commandeered several aircraft carriers and set them on a crash course for variousRead MoreMulticulturalism And Its Impact On The American Society1739 Words   |  7 Pagesand values will aid in abolishing the racial preconceived perceptions. These stereotyped perceptions have progressed in widening the racial gaps followed by hindering privilege and fairness for all. Therefore, this masterpiece will provide a clear-cut background of the evolution of multiculturalism with its outcomes across the American society. In addition, this activity will entail focusing on the individual perception regarding the alarming issue of racial ethnicity that have pervasively continued

The Nichomachean Conception Of Happiness Essay Research free essay sample

The Nichomachean Conception Of Happiness Essay, Research Paper Happiness, to Aristotle, is a term for which much exactness must be made. He understands that, # 8220 ; Happiness both the refined and the few call it, but about the nature of this Happiness, work forces dispute. # 8221 ; As such, he goes to great lengths to achieve a reasonably accurate accounting of what he sees as Happiness. He begins by exemplifying that Happiness is an End, establishes what he finds the work of Man to be, sets conditions on being happy, and so explains where in Man the cultivation of Happiness is to be sought. The consequence of all these thoughts is his to the full developed sense of Happiness, an understanding vital to his construct of Ethical motives. Happiness, for Aristotle, is an End in and of itself. # 8220 ; For ( Happiness ) we choose ever for its ain interest, and neer with a position to anything further. # 8221 ; This construct of Happiness is critical, as Aristotle seeks to set up Happiness as the Highest Human Good. For Aristotle, it seems obvious, as even when taking award, pleasance, or mind, we choose them non merely for themselves, but besides for the Happiness that is derived from them. As an End, Happiness becomes more than a pleasure-state, but a complete impression of fulfilment, and the Good to which all worlds strive. For Aristotle the Chief Good of any being is in the exercising of their intent. For Aristotle, it seems that life can non be the work of adult male, as any figure of workss possess simple life ; nor can sensation be his naming, as all mode of carnal possess esthesis. Rather, says Aristotle, we must look to ground as the foundation of Man # 8217 ; s work, as Man possesses ground where others do non. And, he continues, as work may be of a good or bad nature, it can be assumed that, # 8220 ; the Good of Man comes to be # 8216 ; a working of the Soul ( ground ) in the manner of excellence. # 8217 ; # 8221 ; As such, we have the Chief Good of adult male being his exercising of ground, and the End of this action is Happiness. Aristotle sets many bounds on achieving Happiness, due make his apprehension of what Happiness is derived from. He sees engagement in life as important, as, # 8220 ; at the Olympic games it is non the finest and strongest work forces that are crowned, but those that enter the lists, # 8221 ; i.e. , one must be a portion of life in order to be judged by the criterions of life. Aristotle besides finds assorted external goods to be of absolute necessity, including friends, money, and political influence, as they are # 8220 ; instruments by which many things are done. # 8221 ; In the same instance and sort he lists fortunate birth, valued kids, and personal visual aspect. These, excessively, he thinks are necessary to a complete realisation of Happiness. Even the stableness of these things # 8212 ; and a individual # 8217 ; s repute # 8212 ; after decease is considered portion of Happiness. Important, I think, is the apprehension that these things are non Happiness, but as we see subsequently, the surplus or lack of these things hinders the fulfilment of Happiness. The last two restrictions on Happiness have to make with ground itself. Aristotle finds that it is impossible that either animate beings or kids might cognize Happiness, as their limited modules prevent them from cognizing Happiness to the full. Likewise, a balanced personality is necessary to recognizing Happiness since, # 8220 ; this stableness which is sought will be in the happy adult male, and he will be such through life, since ever # 8230 ; he will be making and contemplating the things which are of virtuousness: and the assorted opportunities of life he will bear most nobly, # 8230 ; since he is the genuinely good man. # 8221 ; Finally # 8212 ; with respect to Happiness # 8212 ; Aristotle sets to explicate where, precisely, the cultivation of Happiness is to get down. Since he has already stated that the base pleasances do non divide Man from animal, Happiness is evidently non traveling to be found at that place. Alternatively, the rational portion of Man is to be studied. Aristotle divides reason into two parts, Intellectual and Moral. The Intellectual has to make with the maps of cognition sing intelligence and scientific discipline. Moral reason, nevertheless, considers those things sing self-denial and liberalness ( with concern to money ) . To Aristotle, it seems as if an probe of Moral Virtue is the way to exerting ground right, and therefore, Happiness. As Moral Virtue is the avenue by which Happiness is to be sought, Aristotle besides gives much air current to the explication of its foundations. He begins by explicating Virtue # 8217 ; s connexion to nature. He so describes several characteristics that Virtue must incorporate, separating it from other properties and conditions found in Man. He so outlines # 8212 ; most to the full # 8212 ; his construct of the way to Moral Virtue, and the ways in which it can be brought into being. Aristotle delivers a really complete image of what Moral Virtue is, and how it relates to his construct of Happiness. Aristotle writes, # 8220 ; The Virtues so come to be in us neither by nature, nor in despite of it, but we are furnished by nature with a capacity for having them, and are perfected in them through custom. # 8221 ; This is a really of import point to Aristotle, in which he establishes the natural ori gins for Virtue, but allows for the multiplicity of thoughts ( and incorrect readings ) refering Virtue. He feels that in moving we come to understand things. To humor: moving rightly leads to being merely. So Aristotle sees Virtue as a combination of nature’s modules and the imposts that shape them. As such, Virtue is a erudite trait, shaped by the myriad of experiences all human existences are capable to. This explains more to the full why secondary traits like visual aspect have such bearing on Happiness. The experiences environing an unfortunate single prevent the full realisation of take parting to the full in a civilization, which is the avenue by which people learn to move right. Habits, every bit far as Aristotle is concerned, are best determined by Man # 8217 ; s reaction to events. That is, a individual with true Moral Virtue will non merely move right, but will non be unnerved or bothered by moving with Virtue. This is an of import construct, as Happiness can non be derived from a life consisting of Acts of the Apostless contrary to the will. Thus, Aristotle feels it is really of import that people understand their actions, and the motivations behind them. Actions conducted with Virtue, hence, should be acceptable to the ground, and convey felicity. The following point Aristotle considers more or less obvious, that Virtue should lie within the mean. Not merely the absolute mean, either, but the comparative mean with respect to the person. He states that for each case and every determination, the mean will change. The lone usher to us is that it should be obvious to a # 8220 ; adult male of practical wisdom, # 8221 ; or one who is wise. His point seems good established, though, as he brings out the illustrations of self-denial, choler, truthfulness, and wealth. Surely each of these has extremes in both grades, and it seems sensible to presume that either extreme of any of the instances is non to be a coveted province. This leads to his summing up of Virtue as # 8220 ; a province apt to exert deliberate pick, being in the comparative mean, determined by ground, and as the adult male of practical ground would determine. # 8221 ; All of these elements work together # 8212 ; each needfully # 8212 ; to convey about the status Ar istotle calls Happiness. Taking a specific instance in point, it might be asked whether a adult male like Thomas Jefferson could be considered both Happy and Virtuous in visible radiation of his having slaves. The issue can be taken from several positions: Did Jefferson act in moderateness with respect to slavery? Did Jefferson act harmonizing to usage? ( Which may or may non be a valid defence in visible radiation of Aristotle # 8217 ; s construct of who would fall under the domain of moral theory ) Did the slaves even have the ability to be Happy, given their place in society? Any statements can be dismissed, nevertheless, with one quotation mark from Aristotle. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; taking safety in talk, they flatter themselves they are philosophising, and that they will so be good work forces: playing in truth really like those ill people who listen to their physician with great attending but do nil that he tells them: merely as these can non be good bodily under such a class of intervention, so neither can those be mentally by such philosophizing. # 8221 ; This seems a really vituperative disapprobation of Jefferson, and puts him entirely out of the Aristotelean kingdom of felicity. Because of Jefferson # 8217 ; s positions sing bondage # 8212 ; and he was really much opposed to the establishment # 8212 ; his deliberate credence of the lifestyle broke in his individual the ability to accomplish Happiness. His dichotomy of consciousness # 8212 ; cognizing the inhumaneness of bondage, yet maintaining slaves for himself # 8212 ; caused much injury to his mental province, in an Aristotelean position. Because of this interruption with what he knew to be true, he acted contrary to ground. Acting contrary to ground, he disallowed himself from to the full sing Happiness. Not merely did the individual act sabotage his place, but his credence of an unlogical life style would harm his ability to right judge other state of affairss. Merely as hapless birth or fiscal concern cause jobs, this lip service would pervade his life, and continually sabotage his ability to be happy. What seems like the great sarcasm is his dependance on slaves for economic system ; he was seeking to forestall concern and problem in his fundss and caused concern and problem to his mind. Aristotle would hold neer even have thought of the problems blighting Jefferson, and it seems his ultimate problem ballad at the unfortunate clip of his birth. Far plenty into Enlightenment to cognize bondage was incorrect, but non far plenty along to see the propulsion of his dreams, Jefferson was caught. Aristotle would hold likely had commiseration on the adult male, but he would hold thought him incapable of Happiness however. Jefferson was caught between excessively many universes to happen the mean efficaciously, edge by excessively many traditions and outlooks to populate as he wished. Jefferson is condemned by an Aristotelean position, but is saved by his place in American history ; which might, queerly, be a kind of exoneration in Aristotle # 8217 ; s eyes. Bibliography Nicomachean Ethical motives, Aristotle, trans. D.P. Chase, Dover Publications, 1998.

The humanities are the words, the ideas, and the s Essays

The humanities are the words, the ideas, and the stories that help us make sense of our live s and our world. They can introduce us to people we have never met, to places we have never visited, and the ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By showing how others have lived and thought about life, the humanities help us decide what is important in our own lives and what we can do to make them better. By connecting us with other people, they point the way to answers about what is true to our heritage and our history . The humanities also help us address the challenges we face together in our families, our communities, and as a nation. In this definition, Congress includes Archaeology , Comparative Religion , Ethics , History , Languages Linguistics , Literature , Jurisprudence , Philosophy , History, Theory, and Criticism of the Arts , Aspects of the Social Sciences which use Historical or P hilosophical Approac h Humanities, General and Interdisciplinary as subjects included in the definition. As fields of study, the humanities emphasize analysis and exchange of ideas rather than the creative expression of the arts or the quantitative explanation of the sciences. History, Anthropology, and Archaeology study human social, political, and cultural development. Literature, Languages, and Linguistics explore how we communicate with each other, and how our ideas and thoughts on the human experience are expressed and interpreted. Philosophy, Ethics, and Comparative Religion consider ideas about the meaning of life and the reasons for our thoughts and actions. Jurisprudence examines the values and principles which inform our laws. Historical, Critical, and Theoretical Approaches to the Arts reflect upon and analyze the creative process. I have always said my culture is part of who I am, but it doesn't define who I am. I think a person's culture is definitely an influencing factor in their life, but their own thoughts and actions define their individuality. The writer W. Somerset Maughamfelt that culture creates the person. He wrote, It is very difficult to know people. For men and women are not only themselves, they are also the region in which they are born, the city apartment or the farm in which they learned to walk, the games they played as children, the old wives' tales they overheard, the food they ate, the schools they attended, the sports they followed, the poets they read, and the God they believed in. You can know them only if you are them. Indeed, one's environment, one's nationality, one's race, one's religion--all these form much of one's essence since some of the traits are in the DNA. This is one reason that immigrants who came through Ellis Island moved into the neighborhoods that housed those of their own culture. These people were defined by their religion, the foods that they ate, the types of clothes that they wore, the colors they liked, the values that they had, the customs that they held, the type of hairdos and mustaches or beards that they wore. Now, in America and in some other countries, many nationalities and races are so mixed that these defining notions are not always apparent. And, few cultural patterns and customs are followed since there is no single culture to be defined. When you grow up in a certain culture, an individual tends to reflect the values of that culture. That doesn't necessarily mean that everyone in that culture thinks exactly alike, but there are certain broad limitations that most of that culture's people would adhere to. In the United States, for example, we stress the value of individual freedom above most other things. This is probably not the case in countries that exercise greater control over their population. Keep in mind that there may be many cultures in any one country, so there are important differences between those groups. Values and attitudes are often generated by one's culture. These are related to perspective. We see the world through a particular lens; filter our experience through a particular set of ideas. This lens and these ideas are functions of our cultural background. However, "culture" can be understood as a local phenomenon. We can talk about a culture of the home and a culture of

Getting Involved Why people take part in social movements

Getting Involved Why people take part in social movements People who are interested in politics can engage in movements as sympathizers, elders, and contributors. There are several reasons why people take part in social movements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Getting Involved: Why people take part in social movements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, some people advocate for women’s rights and the guidelines protecting consumers as well as environment, urge for the termination of lynching, demand for the right of unions formation among workers, and request for federal minimum salaries and advanced income tax. In other instances, social movements are aimed at demanding for proper housing, health care, work leaves, and appropriate insurance plans (Harper Leicht, 2011). It is worth noting that the politically ambitious people can end up as critical socialists, ultimate dreamers, or unreasonable visionaries. There are several theories regarding social movements, which aim at exploring the key drive towards collective behavior. It is imperative to note that every stratum of the society has social movements. Moreover, people consider the available options and engage in decision making before joining a particular social movement. For joining a successful social movement, there has to be continuous mobilization of resources. Resources include plans, followers, and funds. These resources are extremely important for the social movement to fulfill its goals (Harper Leicht, 2011). Social movements compete for the members for a number of reasons. While competing for the followers, social activists end up competing against each other for finite resources. A successful social movement has strategic ways of acquiring resources and mobilizing the followers. Not once was I requested by a movement organization to donate funds to and engage in advocating for a particular issue. This was common at university where the students engage in a number of social movements. In my opinion, it is imperative for an individual to scrutinize the social movement before joining it. Some social movements have questionable ambitions. Others gather resources for the benefit of their own interests (Harper Leicht, 2011). Consequently, they use a particular voiceless group in the society to push for their agendas. I once joined a movement that was advocating for better care of people residing in slums and having HIV/ AIDS.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was done after a comprehensive research on that movement to establish that it was genuine. I also attended one of the events and saw the deprived conditions these people were living in. Some movements were appealing. However, there were barriers that contributed to my infrequent attendance. A majority of the people in the society negatively view social movem ents. My friends discouraged me to join that movement since they shared negative opinion about it. Consequently, our friendship suffered as we were always arguing about my involvement in that social movement. Some social movements can be regarded as repulsive if campaigns are turned into movements. Charities play a key role in facilitating the development of campaigns into movements (Harper Leicht, 2011). However, when movements are sincerely driven by its supporters and have a genuine purpose, they do not interfere in society’s activities. Some movements use online activism, which involves using social sites to attract the followers. Using offline activism generates a sense of passion and momentum. Genuine movements should consider the option of using online services for gaining public. However, strategic measures have to be taken to ensure that people do not speculate the movement. Moreover, the movement using social networking services should consider that not everybody u ses Twitter and Facebook. Reference Harper, C.L., Leicht, K.L. (2011).Exploring social change: America and the world (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

What are the Romance Subgenres (And How to Pick One)

What are the Romance Subgenres (And How to Pick One) What are the Romance Subgenres? (And How to Pick One) You might think you know how a romance story goes. Boy meets girl. Boys fails girl. Boy gets girl. Seems simple enough, right?Not so fast. The landscape of romance is extremely rich and diverse, with many branches of subgenres and subcategories. And, though that elusive Happily Ever After is a staple in romance, how the couple gets there is a fascinatingly different story in each subgenre.This post will break all of the romance subgenres down for you - and give you some extra tips on how to find the one that’s the perfect match for you as a writer. So if you’re ready to see all of the various ways that the course of true love doesn’t run smoothly, let’s begin. Everything you wanted to know about romance subgenres - and more! Then all that’s left is to put pen to paper and get started creating your Happily Ever Afters! Good luck, and remember: love will make the world (and the genre) go round and round.Do you have a favorite subgenre of romance - and if so, what is it? Tell us in the comments below!

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate Research Paper

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate of depression and sadness in American society - Research Paper Example demonstrates that trauma felt in childhood can often carry over into adulthood, causing distress, depression, and increased violence in the individual. This is true of television as well, and there is definitely a connection between watching television and increased feeling of depression and violence in adulthood. According to psychodynamic theory, something is generally â€Å"missing† from an individual’s life as the cause of depression, and for those that watch far too much television as children. This missing element can often be play with other children or interaction with family (some psychologists have referred to television as a detrimental type of babysitter for families). Studies show that television is an integral part of culture and many families spend more time in front of the television than they do conversing. Hence, this lack of social and familiar interaction can also contribute to the depression present in those that are exposed to too much television, along with the psychological trauma inflicted by violent television. Furthermore, the violence witnessed on television also creates problems from a psychodynamic standpoint and leads to depression. Trauma experienced via watching television in childhood can carry through to adulthood and cause further problems of depression for adults that viewed too much violence on television as children. Like psychodynamic theory states, this â€Å"dynamic† of television is the problem that roots itself in childhood and carries itself through adulthood, causing depression. The first part of this problem comes from the fact that television is in high demand in our culture. Many children and adults watch 21-23 of television per week, and 3 to 5 violent acts per hour ("Media Violence (RE9526)" 1). Many families have taken to watching television while eating dinner, and most families admit that they watch television when they eat instead of having conversations with each other. This can often attribute to

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Economic - Essay Example In the next segment of the paper, the cause and benefits of Trans Pacific Partnership related to international trade agreements that has become the headline of The New York Times will also be examined. As per the reports of The Washington Post, the gasoline tax has been static at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993, as no Federal government has taken initiatives to increase the tax rate in last 20 years. However, as the oil price dropped by 40% in June 2014, many states considered reviewing the rate of the long-static federal gasoline tax. However, such increment in gasoline tax rate involves certain pros and cons as well as economic consequences (Ferguson 153). As per the newspaper report, the most important benefit that the US economy will experience from increasing gasoline tax can be attributed as the potential environmental benefits which may arise from decline in use of crude oil and gasoline. The rationale is based on the connotation that, in case of a higher tax on gasoline and its sub products, the citizen would opt for alternatives such as public transportation instead of personal car that will definitely bring social benefits in real sense. Moreover, as the total revenue obtained from gasoline tax is utilized in the Federal Highway Trust Fund, the Congress is planning to contribute the additional money accumulated from the incremented tax rate for the purpose of reducing budget deficit. The US government is also of the opinion that as increment in the US gasoline tax will encourage the citizen for using alternative sources of energy; such initiative will reduce dependence of US government on the largest foreign suppliers of crude oil, OPEC which in turn will bring higher stability in the entire American economy. According to the notion of Ex President, Mr. George W. Bush, high level of dependency in turn jeopardizes the economic growth to a