Anschluss The Union of Germany and Austria

The Anschluss was the union of Germany and Austria to create a Greater Germany. This was explicitly banned by the Treaty of Versailles (the settlement at the end of World War I between Germany and its opponents), but Hitler drove it through despite this on March 13, 1938. The Anschluss was an old issue born of questions of national identity, rather than on the Nazi ideology it is now associated with. The Question of a German State The Anschluss issue predated the war and far predated Hitler. It made a lot of sense in the context of European history. For centuries, the German-speaking center of Europe had been dominated by the Austrian Empire  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  partly because what became Germany was over 300 small states forming the Holy Roman Empire and partly because the Habsburg rulers of this empire held Austria. However, Napoleon changed all this. His success caused the Holy Roman Empire to cease and left a far smaller number of states behind. Whether you credit the fight back against Napoleon for birthing a new German identity or consider this an anachronism, a movement began which wanted all the Germans of Europe united into a single Germany. As this was pushed forward, back, and forward again, a question remained: if there was a Germany, would the German-speaking parts of Austria be included? Germany and Austria, the Anschluss The Austrian (and later, Austro-Hungarian) Empire had a large number of different peoples and languages within it, only part of which was German. The fear that nationalism and national identity would tear this polyglot empire apart was real. To many in Germany, incorporating the Austrians and leaving the rest to their own states was a plausible idea. To many in Austria, it wasn’t. They had their own empire, after all. Bismarck was then able to drive through the creation of a German state (with more than a little help from Moltke). Germany took the lead in dominating central Europe but Austria remained distinct and outside. The Allied Paranoia World War 1 came along and blew the situation apart. The German Empire was replaced with a German democracy and the Austrian Empire was shattered into smaller states, including a single Austria. To many Germans, it made sense for these two defeated nations to ally. However, the victorious allies were terrified Germany would seek revenge and used the Treaty of Versailles to ban any union of Germany and Austria  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  to ban any Anschluss. This was before Hitler ever came along. Hitler Scars the Idea Hitler, of course, was able to masterfully use the Treaty of Versailles as a weapon to advance his power, performing acts of transgression to incrementally move forward a new vision for Europe. Much was made of how he used thuggery and threats to walk into Austria on March 13, 1939, and unite the two nations in his Third Reich. The Anschluss has thus become weighed down with negative connotations of a fascist empire. It was actually a question originating over a century before, when the issues of what national identity was, and would be, very much being explored and created.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1381 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a fictitious novel written by Mark Twain, and is commonly referred to as one of the Great American novels. The story is told from the perspective of Huckleberry Finn. â€Å"Huck† is a teenage boy, who was raised by his abusive father and is portrayed as a social misfit. Jim, who is a liberated slave, becomes Huck’s good friend, and together they experience many exhilarant adventures. The story starts out in St. Petersburg, Missouri, which is positioned on the banks of the Mississippi River. Much of this novel could be interpreted in different ways and from more than one perspective. One factor in the novel that can be interpreted differently is the way that Huck handles certain situations and whether†¦show more content†¦He also believed it was a smart idea not to tell Jim about their deception, and even defended the two to prevent Jim from finding out once he began to question them. One could believe that this was an astute idea due to the fact that the two men were possibly treacherous, so their seemingly ignorance would keep them safe for the time being. Someone else could believe that calling the two men out on their lies, or at least telling Jim the truth, would have made their situation easier because they would not have had to give the two special treatment, or the two may have simply lost interest and left. Huck’s decision resulted in a difficult situation for himself and Jim. Huck and Jim attempted to get away from the two men a few times, but they all floundered until the two deceivers were held captive in an angry town in which the y had scammed many people. Another questionable decision that Huck made was when he was mistaken for Tom Sawyer by Tom’s aunt and uncle. Huck decided to lie to them so they would trust him. One may argue that Huck’s idea was not smart because he had to lie, and if he had not found Tom Sawyer in the town before he got to the house, he would have been in a lot of trouble. Someone else may believe that the decision was smart, so that he could quickly gain their trust and try to save Jim. One other applicable situation is when Huck decides to let Tom create the plans to help Jim escape and goes along with them

Role of Urbanization in the Aegean Free Essays

The Aegean civilizations, the Assyrians, and the Israelites, though in the same hemisphere, were three distinct kingdoms. Each developed into its own kingdom with its own set of rules, beliefs, religion, and political concepts. Ultimately, each had its own culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Urbanization in the Aegean or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet, there was something that underlied these three cultures that connected them in a subtle manner. All three of these civilizations underwent urbanization. Though the specific cultures of each civilization developed differently, the role of urbanization affected each in roughly the same way. During this period of the Late Bronze Age, commerce and communication boomed exponentially. No longer would kingdoms maintain their isolationist beliefs. They had to trade and interact with other cultures in order to maximize opportunity cost and obtain as many foreign goods as possible. This inevitably resulted in shared cultures and assimilated beliefs. Along the Aegean Sea, the Minoans had widespread connections to Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia. Similarly, Mycenaean Greece traded with many civilizations, including its neighbor the Minoans. The early Greeks were most likely influenced by Minoan architecture and pottery. Its sudden wealth also came from trade with Minoan. In the Assyrian kingdom, they also developed trade centers. They imported goods like metals, fine textiles, dyes, gems, ivory, and silver. Because of trade centers, specialization arose, creating jobs like artisans and merchants. In the Israel kingdom, King Solomon created alliances with the Phoenicians and thus developed a trading partner. Together, the Phoenicians and the Israelites explored the Red Sea to find any hidden treasures. The creation of urban centers helped facilitate this trade, and thus, expanded the perspectives of these cultures. Through interaction with other civilizations, cultures were shared and ideas, along with goods, were traded. Because of an influx of commerce and communication, a powerful military must also be kept. Urban centers helped control the military in order to facilitate trade. The Minoans and Mycenaeans developed strong seafaring skills and created wooden vessels to help them trade around the Mediterranean. They exported wine, olive oil, and textiles, and in return imported amber, ivory, and most importantly, metals. In the Assyrian kingdom, there was a superior military organization with professional soldiers. The Assyrians developed iron weapons, dug tunnels, and built mobile towers for archers. Not only did they develop military tactics for conquest, but they also used terror tactics to discourage resistance and rebellion and ultimately maintain control. As for the Israelites, David became the first king and he united the tribes into a monarchy. These urban centers established stronger royal authority and led to an army in order to expand borders in search of natural resources. Stronger militaries meant stronger civilizations, so urbanization helped strengthen the power of nobility and expand borders. Last but not least, urbanization helped develop societal structures, religious ideals, and art and technology. Unlike other civilizations, Minoans did not have strong, aristocratic leaders. In Mycenaean Greece, an elite class did develop. Shaft graves, burial sites for the elite, were filled with gold, weapons, and utensils, revealing that the ancient Greeks believed in some form of afterlife. The cities also had fortification walls and palaces filled with paintings from war and daily life. In contrast, the Assyrians used terror to maintain order in society. The king was the center of the Assyrian universe. Everything he did was mandated by the god Ashur. Through government propaganda, royal inscriptions, and ruthless punishments, the king maintained power in the kingdom. The Library of Ashurbanipal gives insight into official documents and literary texts to help portray the daily life of the elite members of Assyrian society. As for the Israelites, monotheism became the crux of Israelite society. They built temples as sanctuaries in order to link religious and political power. Priests became a wealthy class, thus creating a gap between the urban and the rural, the rich and the poor. In families, there were also gender gaps. Male heirs were critical. While women were respected, they could not own property. As society urbanized, their roles became more and more limited and specialized. While these little bits and pieces of everyday life in these ancient civilizations may seem insignificant, they are like pieces of an infinitely large puzzle. If we can uncover as many pieces as we can and put them together, we can approximate a picture of what life was like in these ancient civilizations. We can figure out how urbanization was important to the development of these kingdoms, and use these cultural artifacts to uncover what daily life was like. After all, artifacts are the key to our past. Without them, our past would be an elusive enigma. How to cite Role of Urbanization in the Aegean, Essay examples

Beowulf And Epic Questions Essay Example For Students

Beowulf And Epic Questions Essay Did Beowulf truly obtain the qualities of an epic hero? In the epic poem Beowulf, Beowulfs character traits prove to be the depiction of an epic hero. Beowulfs traits of boastfulness, bravery and amazing strength are the proof of his heroism. Beowulfs boastfulness may not be the most convincing heroic trait, but it certainly was important to the people of his time. Beowulf boasted to Unferth to clarify Unferths misunderstanding of a swimming event between Beowulf and Breca, in which they swam out to sea and remained there for five nights. Beowulf informed Breca of how they were seperated after five nights in a storm. He boasted of the nine sea monsters he slayed while he floated about. Beowulf boasted to Hygelac of his victories over Grendel and his mother while he was in Danes land. He also boasted to Wiglaf in his dying words. ie line 1889 I have ruled the Geats for fifty winters ; no king of any neighbouring tribe has dared attack me with swords, or sought to cow and subdue me. In Anglo Saxon time, any hero or persons of great accomplishments were expected to boast to express their greatness. Bravery was a greater aspect of Beowulfs heroic traits. Beowulf was very brave to fight Grendel. Grendel was a tremendously feared monster by the Danes. Beowulf fought him with no armor or protection of any kind, for reasons stated in line 588, I count myself no less active in battle, no less brave than Grendel himself; thus, I will not send him to sleep with my sword. Beowulf proved himself even braver by coming to fight a monster he knew nothing about. He only heard of a hellish monsters crimes, thus sailed over the sea to assist the famous leader, the warrior king. Beowulfs bravery appeared again when he set out to kill Grendels mother. She lived in a lair at the bottom of a horrible lake which no man would think of entering. Beowulf entered the blood boiling waters with no hesitation. He swam for twenty four hours before he reached the monsters lair. There he met Grendels mother who brutally attacked him. As shown in line 1239, The woven corslet that covered his shoulders saved Beowulfs life. Even after being almost killed by Grendels mother the brave Beowulf stayed to finish the fight. Beowulf was a very brave character and would never give up or scare away from any challenge. Beowulfs most heroic trait was his amazing strength. He displayed his amazing strength when he fought Grendel and his mother. An outstanding display of strength was shown in his battle with Grendle in line722, Hygelacs brave kinsman held his hand in a vise like grip; each was a mortal enemy to the other . The horrible monster suffered grievous pain; a gaping wound opened on his shoulder; the sinews sprang apart, By tearing off Grendels arm, Beowulf showed his emense strength. By swimming straight down for twenty four hours to  reach the monsters lair without a breath for air, Beowulf proved that he was a man off amazing strength and endurance. Beowulf maintained the status of an amazing man in the water when he spent five nights at sea and, with a sword in his hand killed nine sea monsters. Weather he was ripping off a monsters arm or swimming for twenty four hours without a breath, Beowulf proved himself the most powerful man in all the lands. In the epic poem Beowulf, Beowulfs amazing power, bravery and boastfulness made him an epic hero to everyone who knew of him. By ruling the Geats for fifty years and maintaining peace and happiness, Beowulf made himself an extrordinary hero to all.

A Severe Drought Was The Primary Cause free essay sample

Of The Boxer Uprising. Discuss. Essay, Research Paper The decennary before the terminal of the nineteen-century has been described by many historiographers as a period of great discontent for Chinese population as a consequence of frequent natural catastrophes, such as river inundations and drouths. Historically, these events had terrible reverberations on both economic system and societal life of the full state, as they created a province of instability between adult male and nature at all degrees. At the lowest degrees, making instability among the multitudes and taking them to arise, and at the highest degrees, endangering earnestly the being of the dynasty in power. Taking this into consideration, it seems appropriate to impute the rebellion of the Boxers as the effect of natural catastrophes. However, surveies on the beginnings of this secret society and the events prior to its rebellion in the summer of 1900, led me to see the inundations that struck on China merely before the terminal of the century, in concurrence with other events of the period, as an of import cause of the Boxer rebellion. We will write a custom essay sample on A Severe Drought Was The Primary Cause or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Given that there besides are clear divergencies in bookmans sentiments on the Boxers, in this essay I will try to discourse the relevancy of drouths in doing the rebellion every bit good as other decisive events. By and large, originating and mass rebellions have been identified, in Chinese history, with natural catastrophes, which were considered as a heavenly mark to preannounce the autumn of a dynasty and the rise to power of a new one. This was non exactly the result of the Boxer rebellion, but China, finally, did see a alteration of guards to go forth infinite to a new opinion category. Harmonizing to Wakerman ( 1975 ) , the rural category must be taken into consideration as beginning of those motions, because this represented the rebellious and most unstable category. When nature was merciful provincials were dedicated to their occupation and loyal to the province ; in times of dearth alternatively, they were the first victims of poorness and decease, therefore they raged against the province to demand more capable swayers. In this position, the initial motivation of Boxers anti-Manchu activity, frequently underestimated by book authors, can be justified. Although many have emphasised t hat an anti-foreign spirit drove this secret society, it is besides true that originally they opposed the Manchus, on the one manus because non considered Han Chinese and on the other because of the grants allowed to foreign powers during the last 50 old ages. There were incidents attesting that the sentiment against the province, largely as a consequence of dearth, remained alive until the really terminal of the century. In July 1899, as an illustration of direct challenge against Qing military, Yue Jintang, a lieutenant-colonel in Shan County, was ambushed and killed by brigands. Another connexion between the rebellious motions and the peasantry can be found in the articulation of agribusiness and land term of office. Many motions, even if non as widely known as the Boxer motion, originated in northern China. That part is comparatively waterless compared to the South, hence much more open to drouths. Cultivation here, already lower in end product than southern China, could be badly damaged, sometimes by really dry seasons, sometimes by the eruption of H2O from rivers Bankss. For centuries, province functionaries have been engaged in the care of river plants and supervising of H2O degrees, this is why their public presentation has besides been deciding in continuing the power of governing category. Shandong is the state were the Boxer motion originated and was more active. There, like in other states, the Yellow River flooded repeatedly throughout Chinese history and in several occasions hungering provincials could merely take between migration, normally towar d the South, and banditry. In this regard, dynastic power could be in serious danger if unable to vouch a safe environment for those who worked the land. After all, most of the economic activity in China has concerned agribusiness for 1000s of old ages. Assuming that the Boxer rebellion was caused by the natural catastrophes of terminal of century, it is opportune to place where the authorities failed in incorporating the inundations of the Yellow River. Shandong was a state that had had small trouble in run intoing its duties toward the province and the excess in production had generated agencies for back uping public work undertakings. After the Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95 the authorities military outgo created a immense budget instability, because of its duties as a defeated state, and the heavy load, largely higher revenue enhancement, to run into farther disbursals was left on the rural population. This tenure was made even harder to follow by the diminution in monetary value of Ag throughout the 1890s, which besides devalued the wage of functionaries, who so more easy fell into corruptness. This sort of behavior was a clear illustration of non-respect towards Confucian values. The care of river plants could non be underestima ted by the functionaries, indirectly appointed by the emperor, but whenever they showed more concern for their ain involvements, public works care became poorer, to the extent of driving the provincials to arise. For illustration, Esherick compares the success of careful functionaries in avoiding major inundations, like Li Pingheng, with the really bad public presentation of corrupted 1s, like Zhang Rumei. The authorities found itself in the important place to make up ones mind whether costs could be cut down by cut downing its military personnels, without, on the other manus, weaken the defense mechanism in Shandong and other states against both the force per unit area of foreign presence and local banditry activities, including the strengthening of the Boxers. To sum up, the cost of national defense mechanism was to heavy and even the decrease of river patrols was attempted, contribut ing to the black inundations of the Yellow River. If natural catastrophes are non considered as the chief cause of the Boxer rebellion, nevertheless it is really true that they made life really unstable on the north China field and they were the cause for civil agitation. During the 1890s drouths were as a serious cause of hurt as were inundations, but the inundation of the Yellow River in 1898 is the closest catastrophe which had impact on the Boxer rebellion. Prior to this period, Boxers and other societies started holding influence on the rural population by foretelling at hand catastrophes, which would hold brought pandemonium and decease among the population. By assuring protection and redemption, felons, hapless and illiterate were pushed, originally, to fall in the societies. The catastrophes at end the terminal of the century, hence, did nil but increase the figure of condemnable groups, in many instances non even good organised. In the instance of the Boxers, for illustration, experts in soldierly humanistic disciplines and blades contending turned to banditry and started to aim Christians, Chinese converts and anything stand foring the foreign presence, such as railroads and telegraph lines. Southern Shandong was one of the most affected by the inundations and local rebellions became more and more frequent. The state of affairs there was even worsened by the inflow of refugees from other badly hit states, like Jiangsu. In January 1898, merely in Shandong state some 48 counties suffered from dearth, but things would hold got even worse with the inundation of the Yellow River in the undermentioned August. It inundated 100s of small towns, covering five 1000s square stat mis of northern field. The size of inundations impacting the northern field have been so thoroughly ruinous, that a elaborate description can non even been carried out. However, the of import facet emerging from this state of affairs is the pandemonium that the natural catastrophes brought. Banditry, organised and non, was spread and performed by progressively legion groups, which the authorities found hard to stamp down because of the restrict budget for national defense mechanism. It is this equivocal com bination of events that encouraged some functionaries to back up groups of Rebels. First because higher functionaries in Beijing and other states recognised the possible advantage in organizing local reserves. This would hold been lees expensive than running a national ground forces to stamp down scattered mass motions, but likely more hazardous for the stableness of the monarchal power. Second because local functionaries feared the power exerted by felons, so it was more advantageous non to blockade them. As a affair of fact, both conservativists and reformists in the authorities supported the thought of a local reserves and since the 2nd half of 1898 this became world under several Imperial edicts. This would convey the Imperial tribunal, in the spring of 1900, to promote the Boxers in go oning their anti-foreign foraies and to function the throne in full consequence as an imperial ground forces. Decision Even really good known historical events, such as the Boxer rebellion, merely like minor 1s, might hold some enigma behind them, every bit far as their beginnings are concerned. Modern historiographers have been divided between two different lines sing the beginnings of the Boxers. On one side there are those following the theory of Lao Naixuan, confirming that they were posterities of the White Lotus Society and other religious orders. On the other side there are those following the theory of George Nye Steiger, who asserted that they were unpaid reserves recruited for protecting the throne against foreign threat. Following one of these two lines of idea Idaho determiner in imputing the drouth as the chief cause of the Boxer rebellion. First of wholly because the natural catastrophes in the last two or three old ages of the century had the signifier of inundations and, in any instance, they created societal agitation as had frequently happened in Chinese history. In peculiar, Esheri ck has defined Shandong state as an country where natural catastrophes and popular agitation were really traditional jobs. Second, because if it is true that the drouth, or inundation, was the chief cause, there could hold been a Boxer rebellion even earlier. It is normally agreed that the population of the northern field repeatedly suffered from dearth as a consequence of natural catastrophes, hence belowground societies were likely to be formed and might hold non yet taken the exact intensions for which they are remembered. Other historiographers have given lees importance to the inundation factor as the chief cause of their rebellion because of the anti-foreigner sentiment at the base of their foraies. That, doubtless, created a large bitterness among the population, but given the rural background of the motion s members, I think that what truly moved them was the choler caused by poorness and famishment. From this position, I found an interesting connexion between the natural catastrophes and the foreign presence in China, which together contributed to the rebellious motion of terminal of century. It has likely been more appropriate to analyze these two causes independently from one another, but taking into consideration the innate superstitious notion and strong sense of traditions of Chinese people, what finally moved the Boxer could be a combined consequence of the two. In fact, as I. Hsu provinces: Victims of the natural catastrophes every bit good as superstitious bookmans and functionaries blamed the bad luck on the aliens, who, they insisted, had offended the liquors by propagating a heterodox faith and forbiding the worship of Confucius, graven images and ascendants. However, the Boxers failed to drive aliens out of China, but they set the phase for the successful Chinese radical motion of the early 20th century.

How to Hire a Ghostwriter You Trust (in 10 Simple Steps)

How to Hire a Ghostwriter You Trust (in 10 Simple Steps) How to Find a Ghostwriter You'll Love (in 10 Simple Steps) Last updated: 3/29/2018Learning how to hire  a ghostwriter for your project can be daunting for some. Working on a book with another person is about sharing thoughts and opinions, solving problems and mind-melding. It can all add up to a somewhat intimate experience - and finding someone you  can trust with that connection (who also has the experience to pull off your book) isn't easy. If you approach the ghost-hunting process in the right way, you'll eventually land yourself with an amazing collaborator. And with this post, acclaimed ghost  Toni Robino will show you how to do it right.Step 1. Know what to expectToni Robino is one of North America’s most sought-after â€Å"ghosts† and collaborators for leading publishers, with titles on the New York Times best-seller list. In addition to writing, she teaches BookWalk: Journey from Dream to Publication, a virtual writing program where new authors learn how to write their best books - step-by-step.If you have any other questions or thoughts, just drop us a message in the comments below.

Jurisdiction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jurisdiction - Assignment Example Moreover, Physician-assisted suicide is essentially contradictory with the medical doctor’s role as healer, would be hard or impossible to manage, and would pose serious risk to the entire society. Instead of taking part in assisted suicide, medical doctors should aggressively respond to the immediate needs of patients. Additionally, Patients should not be deserted once it is established that treatment of the illness is impossible. Patients who feel that death is preferable to life should continue to receive sufficient pain control, emotional support, good communication, comfort care and respect. In this case, Gena failed to exercise high level of care that a rational being would have exercised under the same condition. Therefore, Gena is liable for the damage because she failed to exercise reasonable care to prevent the damage, her own action resulted to damage and that there is a proximate cause of the damage—she kicked the ball which broke the window. I must prove that Gena owed a  duty of care, that Gena  breached or  neglected that duty, that the tortfeasor  caused  the damage (but for Gena’s actions, I would not have suffered the damage), that I suffered the loss as a result of that breach and finally, that there was  proximate cause  to prove the breach resulted to damage. The term assault can be defined as an intentional placing of another person in apprehension of imminent offensive contact with the clear ability to perform it. In this case, it is clear that Gena’s act was intended to cause apprehension of offensive contact and also her act indeed caused it. Therefore, Gena committed the tort of assault and so she is liable for it. This is kind of divorce is categorized under Ex parte divorce which occurs only when one spouse take part in court proceedings. The court can only grant this kind of divorce only and if the

IT Business Alignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

IT Business Alignment - Coursework Example This essay aims at reviewing how IT should be greater aligned with the business requirements and strategic goals in order to avoid falling into the misalignment trap. This goal could be achieved by realizing that IT has become a critical tool -or even a driver- for the achievement of business strategic goals. The essay defines "IT business alignment" and "IT governance" and the relationship between them in the first place. Then, it gives an idea about the importance of IT business alignment, IT business alignment current state in order to realize the gap between IT and business strategic goals and the increasing awareness and need for alignment. First of all to realize exactly what is meant by IT business alignment concept, the essay will define the "IT business alignment" concept talking into consideration that "the history of theory-building around the concept of alignment is still young and has only been going on approximately 15 years" Ekstedt, Mathias et al (2005). Tapia, Roberto Santana (2006) gives a simple definition for IT Business alignment as "the problem of matching services offered by IT with the requirements of the business". Also, Kavin W. Moody (2003) mentioned, "the term IT alignment is generally used in reference to the alignment of an organization's IT resources with the objectives of its business units". Neil Macehiter and Neil Macehiter and Neil Ward-Dutton (2005), define IT-business alignment as "the process through which businesspeople and IT delivery organizations collaborate to create an environment in which investment in IT and delivery of IT services reflect business priorities, whether IT services are sourced internally or externally; and in which business priorities are influenced by understanding of IT capabilities and limitations." Figure (1): IT-business alignment Source: Neil Macehiter, Neil Ward-Dutton (2005), On IT-Business Alignment So, according to this definition, there are three important elements in IT-business alignment: (1) investment, (2) service delivery, and (3) collaboration in change management. The relationship between the alignment and IT governance is shown in Figure (1). Steven De Haes and Wim Van Grembergen (2004) concluded that IT business alignment is the key element in IT governance so, it can be achieved by acknowledging IT governance as a part of enterprise governance and by setting up an IT governance framework with best practices". They define IT governance as "the leadership and organizational structures, processes and relational mechanisms that ensure that an organization IT sustain and extends its strategy and objectives". However, Ortiz, Aurora Sanchez (2003) defines IT governance as "specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT" After defining IT business alignment giving its elements and its relationship with IT governance, the essay will discuss the transformation of the role of IT in business in order to realize the importance and the need for IT business alignment. Rathnam, R. G. (2004) mentioned that "during the last 30 years, information technology (IT) has become an increasingly integral part of business operations, at the beginning, the use of

Corporate Governance- Proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Corporate Governance- Proposal - Dissertation Example The core objective of corporate governance is to prevent the negative impact of the unethical business practises on society. The past experience of the corporate governance failure has offered enough evidences for negative impact of society due to corporate failure. On the other hand, the theories of society and business relations explain that every business owes to society and hence, its major priority is to meet the social responsibilities by not practising any unethical business activities (Eweje, 2004, p.16). However, with the passage of time, the rate of corporate governance failure has increased significantly due to multiple corporate scandals. On the other hand, at present, the relationship between the business and society has become more important and it has been evolving constantly. Therefore, the responsibilities of business towards its society have also become more significant. In this respect, management of stakeholders and business ethics are two most necessary criterion s. Both of these two aspects are generally addressed in the code of the corporate governance that strives to meet the overall responsibilities of society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008, p.24). Considering the prevailing importance of corporate governance for the social and economic benefits, many developed countries and world organisations like OECD have developed certain common and desirable code in corporate governance. Other developing countries and emerging nations usually follow these codes of corporate by making certain adjustment based on their own culture, belief and business policies. For example, in Islamic countries (mainly in Middle East region), the entire financial market is based on Islamic religious law known as Sharia. However, the role of corporate governance is to control and guide the companies for practising and conducting the ethical business (Swanson and Fisher, 2011, p.275). 1.2. Saudi Regulations of Corporate Governance The growing importance of the capital ma rkets and other financial markets raise the necessity of a matured corporate governance system so that investors’ trust can be maintained. Hence, the Saudi Arabian Government strived develop a standard set of corporate governance codes in accordance to the compliance of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). â€Å"In February 2009, the World Bank (WB) released its Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) Country Assessment on Corporate Governance in Saudi Arabia† (eStandardsForum, 2010). Saudi Corporate Governance is based on six principle including â€Å"Ensuring the Basis for an Effective Corporate Governance†; â€Å"The Rights of Shareholders and Key Ownership Function†; â€Å"The Equitable Treatment of Shareholders†; â€Å"The Role of Stakeholders in Corporate Governance†; â€Å"Disclosure and Transparency†; and â€Å"The Responsibilities of the Board† (eStandardsForum, 2010). The Board of Capital Market Authority has framed specific laws for corporate governance based on the capital market authority. The laws for corporat

BT Group: Financial Performance Analysis

BT Group: Financial Performance Analysis BT Group (BT) is the leading UK company providing landline telecommunication services and equipment. It also had the mobile telecommunication business which was subsequently sold as MMO2. After the sale of mobile business, BT’s profile has now changed from a growth company to a mature cash generating company. A)  Financial performance The most common objective assessment of the financial performance of a firm is the return it generates on its assets and the quantity and quality of the returns. Quantity is measured by the absolute and percent change in total profits. The profit and loss account of an organisation and its analysis are the prime and first indicators of a firm’s financial performance. The latest annual results of BT is for the period ending 31 March 2005. Appendix I shows the summary of key profit and loss figures over the last three years. BT’s turnover and profit after tax in 2005 have increased as compared to 2004 but are still lower than those in 2003. The turnover has declined by 5.7% only whereas profit after tax has declined by 32.7% over the two year period. This shows that the business has very low variable costs which is in line with the heavy fixed cost investments normally made by telecommunication companies in establishing their networks and subsequent very low variable costs in carrying data. While turnover increased in 2005, operating profits have declined. This indicates that the business is facing some pricing pressures or is spending more on advertisement as the operating profit declined by 0.5% only. BT’s 2005 profit after tax was  £1,820m and was substantially higher than  £1,406m. Though the absolute profit is very high number compared to most of the businesses and indicates that the company is in strong financial position, it also shows that BT has high financial leverage. The company paid a significant high interest and if revenues and operating margins come under more pressure, it could have trouble paying interest costs. BT is aware of this issue and has focused on reducing its net debt. After facing tough times in early 2000s, it has sold many previous investments to raise money for repaying debt. BT’s share price rose after it announced its strategic decision to reduce net debt by raising money through divestments. The net interest payments have declined from  £1,439m in 2003 to  £801m in 2005. Not only that, the net interest payment has declined from 49.5% of operating profit to 29.0% from 2003 to 2005. The reduction in net interest as a percent of operating profit is an important improvement as it gives investors comfort that even if operating margins come under pressure, the company would still be able to meet its interest liabilities. One quick way to analyse a company’s performance is to look at the earnings per share pattern. The earnings per share had also a change pattern similar to that of profit after tax. It first decreased from 31.4p in 2003 to 16.4p in 2004 before increasing to 21.4p in 2005. The 2005 increase in earnings per share highlights the improvement in performance. Though the profits did decrease in 2004, BT kept on increasing total dividend paid to shareholders. This shows the management’s faith in business going forward and its ability to meet higher dividend expectations in future. The returns generated on assets is measured by Return on Capital employed (ROCE). Appendix II shows the calculation of ROCE for BT. BT had a healthy ROCE of 19.0% and 20.7% in 2004 and 2005. The quality of returns is measured by their consistency and by the spread of profits, i.e., the percent of profits being generated from different divisions and locations. The less reliance of profits on any one division and/or location means the company is in better shape to withstand downturns in its markets. None of BT’s business contributed more than 50% in its turnover in the year ended 31 March 2005 (BT, 2005). This indicates that BT Group is reasonably well protected from the declines in a business line. The situation is slightly different if we look at the operating profits where BT Wholesale division contributes more than 50% of net operating profits. Any more margin pressures in this business could reduce future earnings. Most of BT’s earnings originate from UK and hence it earnings are susceptible to changes in UK economy. Financial position The financial position of a company covers its financial structure, its assets and liabilities, its liquidity and risk management approach (Accounting Standards 2004/2005). Appendix III gives the highlights of BT Group’s balance sheet from 2004 to 2005. The total fixed assets have increased by  £639m in the last year. While total fixed assets have increased, the total current assets have decreased by  £254m, so total assets have increased by  £385m. The lower increase in total assets as compared to increase in fixed assets is mainly due to decrease in cash and investments. The major change in financial structure has occurred on the liabilities side. The total current liabilities have gone up by  £3,938m due to increase in current loans and borrowings of  £3,227m. This shows that BT is financing much more of its assets from current borrowings. The massive increase in current loans and borrowings has reversed the net current assets (liabilities) position. BT had net current assets of  £2,027m in 2004 and had net current liabilities of  £2,165m in 2005, a net decrease in current assets of  £4,192m. While the current liabilities have increased, the long term creditors have decreased by  £4,335m. If we just look at long-term creditors, the reduction is impressive and it gives more confidence to the investors that company is in better financial position now. But when we combine the decrease in long term creditors with the increase in current liabilities, the net change is very less. And the fact that changes in current liabilities is mainly due to borrowing instead of increase in trade creditors means that the financing of assets has merely shifted from long term borrowings to short term borrowings. The current assets to current liabilities ratio has declined from 1.24 to 0.83 in the last one year, a sign of concern in terms of liquidity especially when the increase in liabilities is not mainly due to higher trade creditors. Debt to equity ratio indicates the financing of assets. BT had total debt of  £13,697m in 2004 and the corresponding figure for 2005 was  £12,589m, a decrease of  £1,108m. If we now exclude cash and short term investments from total debt, BT’s net debt was  £8,425m and  £7,786m in 2004 and 2005 respectively. The net debt to book value of equity ratio declined from 2.75 in 2004 to 2.02 in 2005. This means that debt finances almost twice assets as being financed by equity. Higher amount of debt results in lower weighted average cost of capital as debt is cheaper equity. But as BT reduces more debt, its weighted average cost of capital will increase. The increase would be partially offset by lower cost of equity due to lower chances of bankruptcy. Risk of bankruptcy is measured by interest cover ratio which is defined as the ratio of cash available for interest payments to net interest. Appendix IV shows the EBITDA calculation and interest cover ratio. The interest cover ratio has increased from 6.1 in 2004 to 7.0 in 2005. The healthy interest cover ratio shows that BT has further reduced the risk of bankruptcy and is in better financial position now. The debt level is now very much within manageable levels and is more like a cash rich mature company. Companies normally tend to follow certain dividend trend to signal market of their assessment of future earnings. Dividend declaration is also part of risk management as it is based on management’s assessment of future cash generation and expenditure expectations. The hike in dividend in 2004 and 2005 inspite of decline in profits in 2004 shows the management assessment of future low risks to cash flows. Financial Adaptability An entity’s financial adaptability is its ability to take effective action to alter the amount and timing of its cash flows so that it can respond to unexpected needs or opportunities (Accounting Standards 2004/2005, page 26). Appendix V shows the main elements of consolidated cash flow statement of BT Group. BT Group is generating high amounts of cash inflow from operating activities. During the year ended 31 March 2005, the company generated  £5,900m of net cash from operating activities. BT is in telecommunication business which demands relatively high level of absolute investments. It spent  £2,408m on capital expenditure during the year ended 31 March 2005. Even if we believe that all of capital expenditure was required under normal operations, BT was still left with  £2,282m of surplus cash in 2005. As we can see from the Appendix III that BT has now focused on repayment of loans. During the last three years, the company has reduced borrowings by  £7,395m. Though BT is able to generate significant amount of cash before disposals but that was not enough in 2003 and 2004 to repay loans. The company then sold some of its investments to generate cash for loan repayments. BT also pays a significant amount of dividend to its shareholders. So if its net cash from operations do decrease in future, it has still some buffer in terms of dividend payments to take care of loan repayments. B) The objective of financial statement is to provide information about the reporting entity’s financial performance and financial position that is useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of the entity’s management and for making economic decisions (Accounting Standards, 2004, page 22). The compliance of an entity’s financial reports with UK’s Accounting Standards can be gauged over two main areas – content and format. Content is important to give true and correct picture of a firm’s financial performance and position. Different users need different information. Financial statements are used by investors to base their investment decision. So it is important that financial statements have the right content to help achieve this goal. It is also important to have right format of presentation. Investors are more likely to feel comfortable if they see familiar presentation style and can then evaluate the company easily. We will look at the content and major financial statements to see whether they comply with UK Accounting Standards. We will then also at few additional notes to financial statements to see whether they are also in line with true and fair principle and give the readers a clear picture of the entity. First of all we compare profit and loss statement with FRS 3 ‘Reporting financial performance’. BT’s consolidated profit and loss statement clearly shows the total turnover and share from joint venture and associates, and in doing so gives more clarity of its earning base. The financial statement format is similar to the example formats shown in Accounting Standards 2004/2005. BT’s 2005 Annual Report however doesn’t show share of turnover and profits from discounted operations (BT, 2005). It is because BT didn’t sell any business in 2005. If we look at the 2002 Annual Report (BT, 2002), it shows the turnover and profits from discounted operations also. The financial statement also has statement of total recognised gains and losses in line with FRS 3 practices. So the accounts meet profit and loss statement UK Accounting Standards in terms of both content and format. We now compare BT’s cash flow statement with the format prescribed in FRS 1 ‘Cash flow statements’. BT’s cash flow statement has not only got all the headings but they are also in the same order as mentioned in FRS 1. BT report also gives sub-categories under the major headings and hence is a genuine effort to educate investors as much as possible on the generation and use of cash flows. BT cash flow statement uses the format prescribed for the ‘Group’ accounts. The notes to financial statement also has detailed reporting on reconciliation of operating profit to operating cash flows, analysis of net debt, acquisition and disposals in line with formats for the ‘Group’ accounts. The next section we analyse is on segmental reporting and check its comparability with SSAP 25 ‘Segmental Reporting’. SSAP 25 says that a public limited company should provide segmental analysis on lines of business class and geographical location. The notes to financial statement section in the 2005 Annual Report has a section on segmental reporting wherein BT shows the turnover, operating profit/(loss) and net assets/(liabilities) of different business lines. It also provides the above data based on the geographical location of reverse generation. The above meets SSAP 25 requirements and also helps investors make a better judgment of risks faced by BT. BT is in telecommunication business where technology change is rapid. BT has acquired many companies in recent years to keep pace with the technological developments. So it is important to analyse the acquisition policies and disclosures are in line with the UK Accounting Standards. FRS 6 ‘Acquisitions and Mergers’ and FRS 7 ‘Fair values in acquisition accounting’ govern the acquisition accounting policies. BT’s annual report under ‘Notes to financial statements’ gives detailed disclosure of total and fair value of the acquisitions made by it. BT’s financial statements not only give the book and fair value of acquisitions but also a detailed explanation of them for each acquisition. The clear and easy to understand format of financial statements and the depth of information in them signals that BT not only just do the minimum to meet UK Accounting Standards but also follows them in true spirit. Appendix I – Highlight of BT Group’s profit and loss accounts (Source: BT Annual Report and Form 20-F; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm) Appendix II – ROCE of BT Group (Source: BT Annual Report and Form 20-F; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm) Appendix III – Highlight of BT Group’s balance sheet (Source: BT Annual Report and Form 20-F; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm) Appendix IV – Interest cover ratio (Source: BT Annual Report and Form 20-F; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm) Appendix V – Highlight of BT Group’s cash flow statements (Source: BT Annual Report and Form 20-F; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm) Bibliography and references Accounting Standards 2004/2005 – Extant at 30 April 2004 (2004); Wolters Kluwer (UK) Limited. BT (2005); BT Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended 31 March 2005; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm BT (2002); BT Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended 31 March 2002; http://www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/Annualreportsarchive.htm

ecosystems :: essays research papers

Factors of Community: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interactions between the climate and topography a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Rainfall, soil, temperature† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The food and resources that grow 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other specific resources necessary for a species to survive and adapt to. (Ecological niche) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Species interaction 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical disturbances, addition/removal of certain species -These factors determine population sizes of an ecosystem. -Conditions of arctic regions don’t allow many animals to live there due to the low temperature. Niches: (all relationships in which species engage in order to survive and reproduce)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Fundamental Niche is a theoretical niche, where there are no constraints or limited resources)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Realized Niche is the actual niche, where there are constraints on resources) Symbiosis: (â€Å"living together† Species interacting in +, -, and = ways) Mutualism (++)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Both species in interaction benefit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Obligatory Mutualism -One species cannot grow/reproduce without another species   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EX. Yucca plants are only pollinated by Yucca moths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Yucca moths only grow in the yucca plant and only eat Yucca seeds. Co-evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -The prey and predator build better defenses and counters to the other’s abilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Since the best of the prey/predator survive more often, they have more chance to reproduce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Soon only the strong survive, thus, the best ways of countering reach the entire population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -EX. Camouflage, Mimicry (faking a characteristic), Spewing toxins, showing teeth, etc Carrying Capacity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Maximum number of individuals that resources of environment can maintain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Predator-Prey populations can fluctuate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Predators may not adjust quickly enough to the abundance of prey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Additional predators could also influence the rate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -As more predators reproduce and eat more prey, the prey population decreases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -As more prey dies, predators have less to eat and begin to die off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -With fewer predators, the prey once again starts to reproduce at a faster pace. Predator- Animals that feed on living organisms, but do not live on them Prey- targets of predators that are killed Parasites- Feeds on tissues of living organisms and live on them Host- the organism a parasite feeds on Effects of Parasites   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Feeds off the host’s tissue’s nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Alters how much energy enters the organism, and weakens it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Can alter birth rates, can sterilize, or make organisms less attractive to mates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Can open prey to diseases and infections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Usually does not want to cause death, so that it can reproduce for a longer period of time Microparasites   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Rapid reproducers and personally infect the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EX. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoan Macroparasites   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Directly lay their eggs on the host.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EX. Fleas, ticks, mites, lice Social Parasites   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Manipulate the social behavior of another species.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EX. Cuckoos lay their eggs in nests of other species, which push the rightful eggs out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -The mother of the original eggs ends up feeding the cuckoos. Parasitoids   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Insect larvae that always kill what they eat (larvae and pupae of other insects)

Black Is Black Aint Essay

The final film by Marlon Riggs, Black is†¦Black Ain’t, is concerned with the state of the African American community. This film essentially asks the question, what does it mean to be black? The director and producer, Marlon Riggs, guides viewers along an â€Å"an up-front examination of racism, sexism, and homophobia within the black community itself. Bringing together personal stories, interviews, music, history, and performance, Black Is†¦ Black Ain’t asks African Americans: What is black, black enough, or too black? †1 Unfortunately, the AIDS-stricken director died before the film was completed. This film operates as a kind of last will and testament for Marlon Riggs. â€Å"He bequeaths the idea that rigid notions of what is or is not black behavior, of who is or isn’t black, need to be abandoned for the sake of strengthening the sense of community within the race. †2 The beginning of Black Is†¦ Black Ain’t explores the meanings associated with word black. I was very surprised to discover how most black people didn’t prefer being called or labeled black. Everything associated with the word black leads to disgrace and fear. Hence, the word black made most feel less than. At this time, a code of silence existed amongst black people. Living in a society that might lynch a person for being black, it makes sense that celebrating your blackness was forbidden. This eventually leads to the emasculation and castration of the black male. Pre civil rights, most black males were viewed as laughing, singing, entertainers and servants. The men were considered weak, and the women were considered strong and unwomanly. Anything associated with looking black was considered bad. The film uses the example of white hair as the good hair and frizzy curl hair as the bad hair. Post civil rights, out of centuries of emasculation, the black man needs to reclaim his power. Black people now embraced the word black as an act of self-empowerment. The black man now became patriarch. â€Å"Black Is†¦ Black Ain’t forcefully confronts the identification of blackness with a hyper-masculinity born of the ’60s Black Power movement. †3 Unfortunately, this self-empowerment has the capacity to imprison as well as liberate. The film reminds us that â€Å"slavery and its aftermath involved the emasculation-physical as well as psychological – of black men, the drive for black power was usually taken to mean a call for black male power, despite the needs of (and often with the complicity of) black women. That continues to result in the devaluing of black female contributions to the liberation struggle and in the subordination of black women in general. †4 The result of emasculation became hyper masculinity. This phenomenon confined the meaning of what it meant to be black even further. For example, to be black is not to be homosexual. This is due to the notion of homosexuality as the ultimate weakness. Hence there is often prejudice of homosexuals in the black community. The homophobic initiative from the black Catholic Church doesn’t make the situation any better. Hence, Marlon Riggs ties in his own story as a gay black man with AIDS. It really assists the film in showing the restrictions that exist in black unity. So what is the black identity? Are you black enough? Do you talk black? Are you a hyper masculine heterosexual male with kinky hair and a criminal record? I can see how it must be difficult to maintain a sense of communal self. Angela Davis one of the speakers in the film, provides this answer: â€Å"You take some color, a dash or a big dollop, it don’t matter, and you blend it with an assortment of physical features that reflect every face you might possibly encounter on this great earth, mix that up with a culture that just loves to improvise, signify, reclaim, renew, and read – and you’ve got, the recipe, for black folk. † 1 Independent Television Service 2 Cliff Thompson, â€Å"Black Is †¦ Black Ain’t† 3 Independent Television Service 4 Cliff Thompson, â€Å"Black Is †¦ Black Ain’t†.

Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Example

Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Example Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Peoples should do more of an attempt to maintain factors of their life private. For illustration when you see some people on Facebook updating about what they had for breakfast. I do non believe we need to cognize that isn’t them genuinely showing themselves nevertheless that seems to be what they think they are making. You shouldn’t express yourself via the cyberspace it should be what you do in certain state of affairss and how you do it that express who you are. Today. many seem to non to desire to maintain some enigma about them. In add-on. the cyberspace does do this hard as all you have to make is ‘Google’ person and you can happen out where they live. work. what their avocations are and even who their household are. Initially. the fact you can happen this information so easy is improbably chilling. Besides it takes off the enigma of run intoing person and acquiring to cognize them when you can flick through their Facebook images and happen out what they wore last Christmas. We expect people to esteem our privateness but so we go and post all our inside informations. this makes us dissemblers. I understand non everyone may make this but the bulk do. if you post images on the cyberspace. set your name and figure anyplace you are giving off your privateness. Even the authoritiess can non esteem our privateness. They put security cameras on every corner. in every edifice. Intelligibly they prevent and solve offenses but as a consequence it removes our privateness. Besides. it is a immense factor in being a ‘nanny state’ where we no longer have any privateness or the freedom to do determinations. They should esteem our privateness and swear their people. However. should they esteem our privateness if we think we have the right to cognize about their private lives? For illustration. we know all about Arnold Schwarzenegger’s love kid but should we be privy to this information it doesn’t affect is ability to make his occupations. Besides football participants are a good illustration as many of them have personal businesss but it doesn’t affect how they play. Why do we cognize intimate inside informations of their life? Why do we experience we have the right to it? We wouldn’t want everyone in our street cognizing inside informations like that allow entirely desiring it to be common cognition internationally. We should esteem their privateness every bit long as it does non impact how they act publically. In decision. even though the media may non esteem some individual’s privateness and the authoritiess may take ours as a bi-product of protecting us people should do more of an attempt to maintain some factors of their life private. As I said at the get downing people should retain some enigma and express themselves genuinely by what they do and how they do it. Yet. they may experience free to show themselves by stating us about their breakfast if it is a humourous anecdote or an interesting metaphor.

Did the USA need to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Did the USA need to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Introduction Historically, the United States is a democratic state and it has strived to promote democracy by ending dictatorial leaderships, which abuse human rights and peace in different states across the world. The US and Japan had a tedious relationship before and during the Second World War.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Did the USA need to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both nations believed to have more powers than the other did and as a result, each was trying to prove to the other the ability to reign over the world (Brooks Stanley 2007). Japan with the support of the Communist Hitler, who led Germany, had managed to take control of over hundreds of islands in the Indian Ocean, and by 1945, it was determined to take over the Pacific Islands as well. On the other hand, the US government under the leadership of President Harry Truman was up against the Japanese b ehaviour of trying to rule over the Pacific Islands (Cook Cook 1992). The decision by the US government to drop the atomic bombs over Japan was facilitated by the desire to be the world’s superpower as the main reason and other small reasons attached to it (Waley 2003). The US felt that dropping a powerful atomic bomb over Japan would force its emperor to surrender and furthermore create tension to Germany thus forcing it also to end the war (Toland 2003). In addition, the US government also felt that atomic bomb would force the Soviet Union to end the Second World War, and assume a leading position over the world nations for its possession of the world’s deadliest weapons (Pellegrino 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the objective was to become the superpower of the world by showing other nations of its power to destroy resisting nations, thus forci ng them to abide by the will of the US. The Motive behind the Dropping of the Bombs The dropping of the atomic bombs by the US on Japan occurred at the height of ending the Second World War in 1945. The Nazi Germany was a leading war perpetrator in Europe and its signing of the instrument of surrender on 8 May 1945. However, the war continued along the Pacific Ocean due to the resistance of the Japanese Emperor to sign the instrument of surrender. The United Kingdom, the United States, and the Republic of China made a Potsdam Declaration in July 1945 in which they required Japan to surrender in an effort to end the war (Gordin 2007). Unfortunately, the Japanese emperor was reluctant to surrender due to influence of Germany and desire to prove the powerfulness of Japan over the world. The United States did not invade any nation in either of the first or Second World War. Instead, it was defending the innocent nations against the attacks of greedy nations like Japan and the Nazi Germa ny that invaded some countries and oceanic islands for economic and political reasons (Ward 2007). However, critics argue that the United States was taking advantage of the situations to gain advantage over the attackers in effort to create good relationships for economic reasons. Judging from the moral authority perspective, the United States was on the right side of action where greed did not supersede charity (Dower 2010). In addition, the United States viewed the events of war as both political and economical challenges and hence worked hard in efforts aimed at stopping the war. Its efforts had adverse effects as communist soviet nations were against its ideologies (Christman 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Did the USA need to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Worst still, Japan viewed herself as a strong nation and capable of raising attacks over the United States , which tried to stop it from invading and possessing the oceanic islands that were resourceful and good for the interested economies. Among the various reasons that justify the need for the United States to drop the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities in Japan, was the efforts to protect its citizens from Japanese attacks (Cook Cook 1992). Japan had proved itself as a major threat to the security of the United States and its citizens. The emperor of Japan had raided the Pearl Harbour where hundreds of military men and civilians lost their lives. In addition, despite the refusal to surrender, the emperor had planned for a raid on 1 November 1945 in the US where it was anticipated that many Americans would lose their lives (McNelly 2000). Another major reason for the justification of the dropping of the bomb was its ability to cause destruction on the enemies’ land. Japanese troops were tough and hence posed a major threat to the American soldiers. The Japanese empe ror had ordered the Japanese army men to offer military training to the civilians. The move was just but an effort to strengthen their ability to fight the American troops whenever they found their way to the Japanese land (Sherwin 2003). Unfortunately, American soldiers were well aware of the negative attitudes of Japanese citizens towards the American affairs that their emperor had implanted into their minds. Hence, Americans considered Japanese as their enemies with the ability to destroy the peace of their country, and any efforts to destroy them before they eliminated Americans was totally justified.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After the bombing, the majority of Americans wished that more atomic bombs could be dropped into the remaining Japanese cities in order to eliminate them entirely (Toland 2003). Looking into the war situations, the dropping of the atomic bombs into Japan by the United States was justified. In the event of war and crashes, an enemy fights back harder in an effort to eliminate an adversary for elimination is the ultimate goal and only the surrendering can deter it from realisation (Waley 2003). Therefore, both Japan and the United States were against each other and the war situation allowed each to try to push the other into a state of surrendering or elimination to the extreme. Fortunately, the United States had then made a breakthrough in the making of an atomic bomb. For four years, American soldiers were out fighting against the resistant enemies, which included the Nazi Germany and Japan, and they were weary of fighting for a long time against tough enemies. That was a difficult situation for the Americans as they nearly lost hope of winning the battle and felt that losing the fight against the enemies would not only make them slaves to other countries, but also face massive destruction. That great tension created unfavourable atmosphere in the United States and hence Americans were in full support of the development of a weapon that would destroy the land of an enemy. Learning about the breakthrough of the Manhattan project, President Harry Truman felt that he had the ability to end the Second World War by choosing to use the powerful weapon against a defiant enemy. The initial objective of developing a weapon of mass destruction was to fight the Nazi German as it posed a major security threat to the world fro it was perceived to be the main perpetrator of the Second World War (Rotter 2008). Fortunately, the Nazi Germany had surrendered slightly before the breakthrough of the Manhattan Project and Japan was left on its own resisting the signing of the surr ender declaration document. Therefore, President Harry Truman had no choice, but to end the Second World War by destroying Japan. By then, the American forces had made some efforts to push Japanese emperor into surrendering, but their efforts did not materialise. They had had carried out numerous fire bombings on various Japanese cities while occupying the Okinawa and Iwo Jiwa islands (Bodden 2007). The Japanese Emperor had more than â€Å"two million strong army men deployed on the main land in an effort to guard against the American invasions† (McNelly 2000, p.96). The majority of Japanese cities had been destroyed expect Nagasaki and Hiroshima, which were left deliberately for they were key points of Japanese military operations and transport colliders. President Harry Truman was facing a very difficult psychological situation soon after the breakthrough of the Manhattan project and before the dropping of the bombs on Japan. He was fully aware that those weapons could flat ten the Japanese cities and consequently kill millions of innocent Japanese. Hence, there had to be moral justifications for the dropping of the bombs before the mission was carried out. He opted to give the last chance to the Japanese Emperor by demanding for unconditional surrendering failure to which he promised dangerous consequences on the refusal to honour the demands. He failed to mention the possibility of him using a weapon with the ability to cause mass destruction, and hence the demand was rejected (Dower 2010). To Truman, there was a justified reason for giving a go-ahead signal to his military men, which he did and the bombings were secretly planned to take place on 6 August 1945. However, critiques argue that there was a high possibility of surrender by the Japanese leaders if President Harry Truman had clearly told them of what he had planned to do to them after failing to surrender (Pellegrino 2010). On 6 August 1945, just as it was the plan, an atomic bomb, loaded o n a military plane called Enola Gay, was dropped on Hiroshima killing more than 70,000 Japanese instantly and more than 100,000 killed by the aftermath consequences of nuclear radicals. The Japanese leaders led by their emperor were resistant of surrendering, which forced the Soviet Union to declare war against Japan, two days after the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Still after the war declaration by the Soviet Union, Japanese leaders seemed more resistant and as a result, the United States dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki and killed more than 80,000 Japanese instantly (Gordin 2007). That attack seemed to push the Japanese leaders to the extreme limits and on 14 August, they surrendered, thus marking the end of the Second World War (Ward 2007). By the time of surrendering, the Japanese military had made over 3500 attacks on the Americans. The Japanese cronies seemed not ready for neither of the peaceful negotiations to end the war nor surrender. They believed t hat surrendering would have made them to appear inferior in the eyes of their enemies and thus they were not ready to give such a chance to an enemy. Hence, the Japanese were ready to prolong the war, hence leading to more deaths of innocent civilians. Therefore, according to President Harry Truman, the droppings of the bombs saved more Japanese lives than those who would die due to the prolonged war. However, according to Truman, the resistance of the Japanese leaders could not have ended due to series of serious attacks and hence atomic bombing was the best solution to end the unyielding resistance (Allen 1969). The Second World War was the deadliest and the most destructive war in the history. Efforts were made to end this war to no avail. Many countries lost the lives of their citizens in the hands of their enemies and hence they were desperate of surrendering to their enemies in order to gain peace and save more lives from perishing. The United States is one the countries that lost the greatest number of military men and civilians to the hands of the enemies during the war. Hence, the citizens were bitter for the suffering and ready to support any effort that could result to the end of the war. Therefore, the dropping of the atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima was a great victory to the American citizens, which explains the justification of the dropping of the atomic bombs by the United States on the Japanese cities (Frank 1999). However, judging by the moral authority, the dropping of the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities was not justified as weapons of mass destruction not only could have destroyed the country, but also the livelihood of its future generations. In addition, President Harry Truman wanted to see how his weapons could destroy a country and hence he opted not to describe the nature of the attacks that he had planned to use against the Japanese in his surrender command to the Japanese Emperor. However, this scenario was a war situation and the goal was to incapacitate an enemy rather than give a chance for future attacks, as it could have been the case of a peaceful surrender. Reference List Allen, L 1969, The Nuclear Raids Article†, in Hart Basil (ed), History of the Second World War, Purnell, London, pp. 2566-76. Bodden, V 2007, The Bombing of Hiroshima Nagasaki, The Creative Company, New Jersey. Brooks, L Stanley, E 2007, Creating military power: the sources of military effectiveness, Stanford University Press, Stanford. Cook, H Cook, T 1992, Japan at War: An Oral History, The New Press, New York. Christman, A 1998, Target Hiroshima: Deak Parsons and the Creation of the Atomic Bomb, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. Dower, J 2010, Cultures of War: Pearl Harbour / Hiroshima / 9-11 / Iraq, W. W. Norton, London. Frank, R 1999, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Random House, New York. Gordin, M 2007, Five days in August: how World War II became a nuclear war, Princeton University Press, Ne w York. McNelly, T 2000, â€Å"The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, in Jacob Neufeld (ed), Pearl Harbour to V-J Day: World War II in the Pacific, Diane Publishing Co. Washington D.C, pp. 86-99. Pellegrino, C 2010, The Last Train from Hiroshima: The Survivors Look Back, Henry Holt and Co., Washington D.C. Rotter, A 2008, Hiroshima: The Worlds Bomb, Oxford University Press, London. Sherwin, M 2003, A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies, Stanford University Press, Stanford. Toland, J 2003, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945, Modern Library, London Waley, P 2003, Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power, and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo, Psychology Press, Oxford. Ward, W 2007, ‘The Winning Weapon? Rethinking Nuclear Weapons in Light of Hiroshima’, International Security, vol.31 no.4, pp. 162-179.

The Significance of Using LinkedIn Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

The Significance of Using LinkedIn - Assignment Example The researcher also revealed the way LinkedIn can be integrated with other networking sites, which are applicable such as online forums, blogs, and tweets. Lastly, the recommendations were provided that revealed ways that the company can reduce the additional costs, which might be required for maximizing exposure such as advertising and premium listings. E-marketing has become one of the significant approaches employed by many companies in conducting business activities in the global market. The globalization era, which is driven by rapid technological advancement, have created varied changes in the way companies are conducting business in the 21st century. E-marketing has become widely incorporated in business activities because it enables companies to interact with their clients and communicate effectively about the services they offer to customers. E-marketing refers to the process of employing digital technologies in order to help entrepreneurs to distribute their products and services effectively across the global market. This method has become widely used than the traditional method because it offers companies significant access to the mass market at a reasonable cost. Therefore, many organizations particularly those, which specialize in dealing with the cloud, recognize the sufficient of using of Internet marketing. Companies offering services by moving their data to cloud services recognizes that selling services like this one does not need to rely on traditional marketing methods but rather use of electronic marketing in the 21st century. This has enabled such companies to employ effective online marketing tools in order to reach their potential targeted customers effective; hence increasing profits.

Exploring the opportunites and challenges of Developing Islamic Dissertation

Exploring the opportunites and challenges of Developing Islamic Financial services in Seychelles - Dissertation Example I have read the University regulations concerning plagiarism. I am willing to allow The University of _______________ School of Management to use my dissertation as a sample for future students. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abstract (This page intentionally left blank) CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ______________________________________ The Republic of Seychelles comprises of approximately 100 islands located between 4 and 5 degrees south of the equator, with a longitude of between 55 and 56 degrees east (Kawaley, 1998, pp. 226 – 227). ... Britain was to administer the Seychelles island group from Mauritius until the year 1903, and it was during this time that the British resettled African slaves rescued from Arab slave traders on these islands. Thus, today the Seychelles islands present a melting pot of many races, including mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab with the tourism sector playing a leading role in economic growth together with commercial fishing (CIA, 2012). The official language of the Seychelles is English, but the use of the Creole language comes naturally to approximately 91.8% of the more than 90,024 inhabitants of these islands who live on an area of about 455 sq. km, which is 2.5 times the size of Washington DC, enclosed by a coastline that is 491 km in length. Seychelles was to become an independent nation in the year 1976, and Seychelles now exists as an Independent Republic with a democratically elected government within the British Commonwealth. The Figures below depict the relative geographic position of the Seychelles together with the more prominent islands in the Seychelles island group. According to CIA (2012), Seychelles has succeeded in expanding its per-capita output to approximately US$ 25,000 from a near-subsistence level at the time of independence, and this is a remarkable achievement for a country located near Africa. The tourism sector is the leading hard-currency earner, contributing nearly 70% to the foreign exchange earnings, but Seychelles has tried to diversify its export base to include farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. It is important to note that Seychelles competes with Comoros, Madagascar and Mauritius to attract tourists and this means that competition exists in tourism. However,

Global strategic Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global strategic Planning - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that Zipcar was founded in the year 2000 and has been able to become one of the major players in the automobile rental segment in the United States market.  This essay discusses that the company offers membership-based car rental services to the consumer market segment and has its headquarters in Boston. The members can hire a car and pay the bill either day basis or hourly basis. The researcher states that the company was founded was Robin Chase and Antje Danielson, and has now grown as a major player and also operates in international markets of Spain, Canada, Austria, and the UK. The company provides rental services to about 1million customers and the members can even book the car for a day or even for a year. The company even has expanded its member base mainly because of the reference and positive word of mouth that is given by the members. The company operates in markets of US, UK, Canada, Austria, and Spain. However with the increa sed pace of competition in the market the markets where the company operates has become highly saturated with a large number of competitors.   The expansion into other markets is a very strategic decision that is taken into account by a company when it faces some problems in the current market or when it identifies some great opportunities that are prevailing in other markets that could be beneficial for the company.

Nutritional Value Preservation in Cooking Essay Example for Free

Nutritional Value Preservation in Cooking Essay Cooking is often defined as the application of heat to food products in which after the process, improvements in taste, visual, appearance, texture and aroma is attained prior to consumption. Cooking in food establishments and other food service facilities are often done by chefs or cooks. Cooks usually focus on making the food palatable and appealing to consumers. It is common to sacrifice the nutritional aspects of food preparation to attain the maximum satisfaction of the diners and create very appetizing courses for the sake of culinary arts. The twist of preparing very complex meals in terms of cooking method and expected taste output is the opportunity cost of nutritional value of the meal being prepared. Array of reasons suspend upon the discussion of nutrient conservation in cooking. The concepts of temperature, time, total surface area exposed and certain cooking techniques interplay for the betterment of retaining the nutrient content of the meals being prepared. Chefs of today’s cooking era should consider the nutritional content of the foods they are preparing for the aims of giving delicious and nutritious foods in their customers. Necessity of Nutrient Preservation in Cooking The food items being cooked undergo physical and chemical changes that opt to alter the nutrient content of the food. And the current trend leads to a lesser nutritional content because of the present practices. It is important to preserve nutrient content of the food to provide the diners a better quality of food in terms of nutrient content. This will also provide a help on the campaign for a healthier society. Moreover the nutrient content of the food item would not be put into waste. Hospital cooks should focus more on the preservation of nutrients for the reason that the patients inside the hospital need more nutrients for faster recovery. The patients with specific nutritional deficiencies also require specific amount of nutrient in such way, the dietary departments of the hospitals compute the diet of these patients but if the cooking process is not that nutrient conserving, the computations of the dietitians as well as the plan and time frame of dealing with the patient will be lost. The Techniques and Concepts for Preserving Nutrients in Cooking Cooking has an ample ways to preserve the nutrient contents. These vary from controlling the temperature, managing the time, using the right portion sizes and some techniques in food preparation. This is necessary for the conservation of the nutrients. Time and Temperature effects on the nutrients upon cooking The temperature greatly affects the nutrient content of the food as stated by the NutritionData. com. The trend is that higher temperature, the greater the loss of nutrients. Morris stated that blanching spinach can cause for the loss of 80% of amino acids and blanching peas will result into loss of 26% vitamin C. Therefore applying greater amount of heat will significantly increase the loss of vitamins. The time required to cook the food item is also directly proportional to the nutrient loss. As stated by Mateljan, there would be a greater loss if the cooking time is longer therefore cooks can lessen nutrient losses by shortening cooking time and lowering cooking temperature. The Total Surface area exposed Bastin stated that greater the surface area exposed, the greater the nutrient loss. This is according to Bridge. The smaller cut of vegetables serves as the greater surface thus more nutrients are exposed and greater loss will carry on. Thus chefs should master the art of bigger cuts to food portions. Bigger cuts have a relative smaller total surface area exposed. Amount of Water The amount of water is directly related to the nutrient loss. As water increases with respect to the meal portion, there would be a greater chance of more nutrient loss. This is due to the fact that water has more space to accept nutrient molecules thus more water means more losses in terms of nutrients. Chefs should try to concentrate on decreasing the water content of every course they are preparing to conserve nutrients. Washing Methods Washing food items after peeling will cause the lost of nutrients. It is necessary to wash first and then peel. After washing carefully, the food item can be peeled. The logic behind this sequence is that upon peeling, water labile nutrients such as Vitamin B will tend to go with water as the water runs over the surface of the peeled food item. The necessity for cooks to practice washing first before peeling is great to avoid further loss of nutrients. Cooking for the betterment of the nutritional status of the society The combination of the techniques and the processes will be a great tool to efficiently utilize the nutrient content of the food. Such practices will provide number of individual more nutritious food which in turn can support the reputation of the cooks for including nutritious and delicious foods in their menu. Cooks having this knowledge can provide nutritious food for the improvement of his diners’ health.

High Scope Approach | Overview and Implementation

High Scope Approach | Overview and Implementation This paper will be talking about the High/Scope Curriculum Approach. The philosophy under the High/Scope Curriculum Approach is children should actively be part of their learning with the help and support of teachers/educators. The High/Scope philosophy believes that children are better learners when they can touch, manipulate, and explore. I will also explain the ways this model promotes the teaching and development of young children, the theoretical influences of High/Scope, and other important elements, such as planning, observation, and implementation. In this paper, I will review the types of assessments and documentations strategies used to evaluate on-going learning, and finally use the ELECT document to evaluate how the High/Scope Curriculum supports the six core principles. Theoretical Influences David Weikart is the educator that thought and organized the High/scope Curriculum. The main theorists behind the High/Scope Curriculum are Jean Paget and Vygotsky. Early in the development of the High/Scope Curriculum, the work of Piaget became influential and the curriculum was renamed the cognitively oriented curriculum. Also, Vygotsky socio-cultural theory had influenced the High/Scope Curriculum. The High/Scope Curriculum is based on the child development ideas that children learn better when they are actively engaged. From there the High/Scope create key experiences for teachers to help children in their learning process. The environment in the High/Scope is organized with developmentally materials/activities based on the needs and interest of children in the program. The main component of the High/Scope in the preschool area is related to key experiences that are divided into three sectors and each sector include learning experiences 1. Social and emotional development, including recognition and solution of problems, understanding routines, expectations, and communicating with others. 2. Movement and physical development, including block building, climbing, ball throwing and catching, and play with manipulative. 3. Cognitive development, including representation, language, classification, seriation, number, space, and time. The key experiences that shape the curriculum give opportunities to new experiences and can also be used for planning, assessments as wells as observations tools. Observations Observations in a High/Scope are beneficial for children, educators as well as for parents. Through observations, teachers find out about childrens needs and interests while interacting, asking open ended questions and participating in activities with children. Observations are done through the COR which is the Child Observation Record to assess children growth and development. Anecdotal notes are taken in a daily basis and are used to complete the COR. The Child Observation Record (COR) is based on the 58 key developmental indicators. Usually, this is done by educators that know really well the child and work with on a daily basis. Teachers evaluate children as well as their own performance. It is very important for educators to have written observations of their work, not only as written evidence to show parents how their child is progressing but also as a way to help parents identify how they can help in the process. Observations are done better if all educators in the program are observing the children in the room at the same time. This way educator can gather and draw comparisons from their observations and evaluate or reevaluate activities and key experiences that needed to be worked on in the future. Planning A main component of the High/Scope Curriculum Approach is the plan-do-review sequence. Teachers set up the environment with developmentally appropriate materials and the children first decide what materials they want to work with and what they wanted to do. Children plan with the educator in a group of 3 or 4. Educators speak to each child by taking turns while sharing ideas about their choices of activity and material. Planning time last about 10 minutes. After planning, children carry out their own initiatives by choosing materials or friends to work with and have freedom to execute their own thought. Educators supervise, interact, and support children in their learning skill. Educators also assist children in the problem solving. In the High/Scope setting, learning experiences are determined by both children alongside with teachers which means children decide and pick their own activities and teachers ask questions, add challenge to it, and support children in the learning. The curriculums plans are recorded through daily observations by teachers using the COR. Daily observations help teachers keep track of their work with children as well as their won performance. The role of the team in planning is very important in a High/Scope Curriculum. By working together as a team, educators will share their observations to see if they came across with the same information. I also think team work is important in the choice of materials provided children and finally important to the success of the program. Implementation High/Scope Curriculum Approach always follows specific structure to implement curriculum. The daily routine is fragmented into segments and each segment is planned depending on the needs of the program. The daily routine is made of: Arrival and greeting Plan-Do-Review time Large group time Small group time Outside time Transition time Eating and resting time The space is High/Scope is organized into different areas that will be relevant and motivating for children learning such as block areas, dress up areas, kitchen areas, book areas, rest areas, art areas, etc. All areas are all labeled in a way so the children can understand for example pictures of different items. I think this a good way to support early literacy. The materials are selected by the teachers so they are well organized and also labeled with pictures, photographs, or real objects. Materials are available all the time to children. The use of time is very effective in the High/Scope Curriculum. There is a time for planning which lat 10-15 minutes and the work time is approximately 45-60 minutes. 10 minutes to recall, 15 to 20 minutes small group time, 10 to 15 minutes large group time and finally 30 minutes of outside time. The time frame allows teachers to cover all sequences of the daily routine. It will also allow children to have consistency in their routine. In the High/Scope Curriculum, educators play an important role. They are responsible of setting up the environment, providing appropriate materials that are age and developmentally appropriate. They are also there to work alongside with children, encourage, guide, and support them in the learning. Educators use quality tools to observe children on a daily basis and also maintain a relationship between childrens family and the program. Finally, I will say that the way teachers conduct themselves in the High/Scope environment give children opportunities to build relationship with adult and school friends, in order to build confidence and self esteem. Assessment Assessment is very essential in the High/Scope Curriculum. Educators use the Child Observation Record to measure children development and growth. Educators take anecdotal notes at a daily basis to record the children activities and behavior while playing. The assessments help teachers and directors to measure the quality of the program. Quality of a program includes the learning environment, adult child interaction, daily routine, curriculum planning, assessment, parents involvement, teachers qualifications, and development and program management. Learning environment, is it inviting for children to learn? Is the space well arranged and are the materials appropriate for age level? Are there different segments in the daily routine that show what is coming next, planning has to be well balanced to meet learning goals and objectives. Are the children assessed with the right tools? Is the learning environment inviting and open for families to be involved in their childrens learning? Do teachers have some training to improve and update their skills? Is the program management supportive of the staff for professional development, dealing with stress related to work and offers some type of appreciation and recognition to teachers. Assessment is vital, it help improve the work environment for children and teachers. Documentation Documentation is very important in the High/Scope environment because it provides educators with a lot of hands on that they can utilize to improve their work, to keep families informed of their children work or progress. Documentation can also be used to provide community/social workers some information that can help in needed situations. Documentation goes from Child Observation Record, photographs, portfolio childrens work to a recording material. Documentation is a valuable tool and can be used as proven facts all the time if well kept. However every documentation should be personal to every child, confidential and can be used cautiously. ELECT Principles/Curriculum Model: High Scope 1.) Early Childhood Development sets the foundation for lifelong learning, behavior and health In the High/Scope Curriculum, children are given the opportunity to make choices, be responsible for their choices and think about it in the plan-do-review process. By allowing children to do so, they are learning important skills like communication with others, sharing ideas and critical thinking, and confidence. Those skills will be used throughout their life. 2.) Partnership with families and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood setting to meet the needs of going children Parents/families are welcome in the program to ask theyre children are doing. They can access their childrens art work, portfolios, progress, or any other issues. Parents provide support to children and by the way to teachers. Parents involvement helps their children and facilitates learning process. 3.) Demonstration of respect for diversity, equity, and inclusion are prerequisites for optimal development and learning. High/Scope Curriculum is open to all children including special needs children. Children are respected as a whole individual for the choices and ideas Parents and families involvement in the program can be used as a learning opportunity. Example: Art, dance, cooking project, song, form other cultures. In a learning program, respect for diversity equity, and inclusion are important to integrate while planning and implementing because it gives a child a sense of recognition, confidence and self-esteem. 4.) A planned curriculum supports early learning. In the High/Scope setting, teachers set up the environment depending on childrens interests Observations are done to assess childrens learning and growth. The plan-do-review process allows educators/children to have a feedback of their work, and this can be used to see what works or did not work. 5.) Play is a means to early learning that capitalizes on childrens natural curiosity and exuberance. In the High/Scope Curriculum, play takes very important place. Children experience new skills through play and play requires manipulation, exploration, and achievement. Educators support children in their play, ask questions to help or increase childrens learning, add more challenges to it, and also help children in problem solving approach. Educators also play alongside with children. Play is the main activity of childhood and we cannot separate play from children because I considerate play as 1st learning tool for children. 6.) Knowledgeable, responsible early childhood professional are essential Educators observe children at a regular basis to identify their needs, level of learning, and growth. Educators organize the environment and materials that are age appropriate for children. Educators work in small/big group with children depending of the activity. By working in a small, teachers get to know better and identify their needs. Educators support childrens learning and behavior with positive guidance. Teachers assess children learning as well their own performance. Educators maintain a relationship with families and community/social services Knowledge and experiences in the fields are needed to perform effectively in the program. Recommendations 1.) Its important to give opportunity to children to explore their environment and build knowledge around it. 2.) Maintain a relationship with parent by sending whether weekly newspaper, asses their childrens wok and parents/teachers meetings. 3.) Integrate diverse cultures and values in the classroom. Take time to assist children with special needs so they can effectively integrate into the learning environment. 4.) High/scope curriculum requires a large input that takes time. 5.) It will be hard to put in place a long project with children. Conclusion The High/Scope Curriculum is a very effective curriculum that provides a clear, concise, and constructive learning environment and learning tools for children. Its also interesting to see how children take care of their own learning with teachers support and build relationship that gives them confidence and helps them develop their self-esteem. From my research, I think the High/Scope Curriculum is beneficial for children today and will allow them to succeed in the future.